Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Biological Threats
Invasive Species Can Be Disastrous
The environmental, economic, and health-related costs of invasive species exceed those of all other disasters combined.
The environmental, economic, and health-related costs of invasive species exceed those of all other disasters combined.
SARS-CoV-2 Risk to North American Bats
USGS works closely with other experts to help limit the transmission of diseases from humans to wildlife.
USGS works closely with other experts to help limit the transmission of diseases from humans to wildlife.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, aka. “Bird Flu”
Avian influenza is a deadly disease that affects waterfowl, but can also be costly to U.S. poultry industry.
Avian influenza is a deadly disease that affects waterfowl, but can also be costly to U.S. poultry industry.
Some diseases that pass through our environment can be devastating to wildlife, livestock, agriculture, forestry, human health, and recreation. The USGS has many different tools to monitor the spread of certain pathogens and better define how these diseases impact the natural world.
Monitoring Biological Threats
Monitoring Biological Threats
USGS scientists have unique expertise in investigating biological threats such as wildlife diseases, chemical contaminants, pathogens, invasive species, and other environmental challenges. A better understanding of these issues and conditions informs decisions that support a healthy and resilient America.
Assessing the Seen and Unseen
Assessing the Seen and Unseen
Biological threats can range in size from microscopic to global. The USGS delivers science to protect public safety, property, and ecosystems from existing and emerging hazards.
Examples of Biological Threats
Biological threats like diseases and invasive species can spread through nature, causing an incredible ripple effect on human populations. Biological threats can endanger wildlife, livestock, agriculture, forestry, public health, and recreational resources that people rely on. The USGS studies a range of biological hazards to help limit their impacts.
Animal Diseases and Pathogen Transmission
Animal Diseases and Pathogen Transmission
Invasive Species and Nonnative Competition
Invasive Species and Nonnative Competition
Spills, blooms, and aquatic hazards
Spills, blooms, and aquatic hazards
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic Diseases
Biosurveillance
Biosurveillance
Harmful Algal Blooms
Harmful Algal Blooms
The Cost of Biological Threats
Biological threats have an impact on our ecosystem, public safety, and the economy. Sometimes these impacts may be small, while others can be catastrophic. The USGS works with its partners to monitor the different threats and provides insights and resources that help protect people, the environment, and our Nation’s infrastructure.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
Science
Wildlife Disease and Environmental Health in Alaska
Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to both wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic location and significant wildlife...
Q&A: Bird Flu - Ongoing Threat of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska and North America
The USGS has cooperated with federal, state, and tribal partners to conduct research on Avian Influenza (AI) viruses and to assist with response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) since 2006. Read ahead for information about HPAI, the occurrence of HPAI among wildlife, USGS-led research and surveillance efforts, and potentially helpful online resources.
Decision science support for Chronic Wasting Disease
Eastern Ecological Science Center adds the decision analytical skill set to the existing body of USGS expertise on Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), in support of our sister DOI agencies.
Algal Toxins and Wildlife Health
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to harm fish and wildlife, domestic animals, livestock, and humans through toxin production or ecological disturbances such as oxygen depletion and blockage of sunlight.
Using Robots in the River: Biosurveillance at USGS streamgages
For more than a decade, researchers around the world have shown that sampling a water body and analyzing for DNA (a method known as eDNA) is an effective method to detect an organism in the water. The challenge is that finding organisms that are not very abundant requires a lot of samples to locate this needle in a haystack. Enter the "lab in a can", the water quality sampling and processing robot...
Multimedia
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
North Pacific Marine Heatwave
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
I Am A...Disease Ecologist
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Coqui frog on a red ti leaf
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Avian influenza virus
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Wildlife Disease and Environmental Health in Alaska
Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to both wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic location and significant wildlife...
Q&A: Bird Flu - Ongoing Threat of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska and North America
The USGS has cooperated with federal, state, and tribal partners to conduct research on Avian Influenza (AI) viruses and to assist with response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) since 2006. Read ahead for information about HPAI, the occurrence of HPAI among wildlife, USGS-led research and surveillance efforts, and potentially helpful online resources.
Decision science support for Chronic Wasting Disease
Eastern Ecological Science Center adds the decision analytical skill set to the existing body of USGS expertise on Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), in support of our sister DOI agencies.
Algal Toxins and Wildlife Health
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to harm fish and wildlife, domestic animals, livestock, and humans through toxin production or ecological disturbances such as oxygen depletion and blockage of sunlight.
Using Robots in the River: Biosurveillance at USGS streamgages
For more than a decade, researchers around the world have shown that sampling a water body and analyzing for DNA (a method known as eDNA) is an effective method to detect an organism in the water. The challenge is that finding organisms that are not very abundant requires a lot of samples to locate this needle in a haystack. Enter the "lab in a can", the water quality sampling and processing robot...
Large Oil Spills
Oil spills, such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, are impactful environmental disasters that have long lasting effects to the landscape, native species, and inhabitants who depend on the area. The USGS explores the adverse effect that large-scale oil spills have on the environment and helps responders prepare for environmental recovery and rehabilitation.
Invasive Carp Early Detection
Increased threat of Invasive carp entering the Great Lakes and spreading to other basins such as the Upper Mississippi River and Ohio River basins, has led to increased prevention and control efforts since 2010. In collaboration with partners, USGS scientists are testing early detection methods and technologies to enhance the ability of agencies to manage Invasive carp to minimize their influence...
Threats to protected areas
Land-use intensification poses significant threats to biodiversity both directly through the alteration and fragmentation of ecosystems and habitat loss, and indirectly through the disruption of supporting ecological processes. While protected areas offer refugia for species and ecosystems, they do not function in isolation from surrounding natural, working, or human-dominated landscapes...
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
North Pacific Marine Heatwave
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
I Am A...Disease Ecologist
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Coqui frog on a red ti leaf
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Avian influenza virus
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza Outbreaks
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza OutbreaksFor more information on avian influenza, see http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ai.
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza Outbreaks
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza OutbreaksFor more information on avian influenza, see http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ai.
Exploring Causes of Coral Disease
The Hawaiian Islands’ beautiful ocean and beaches attract more than 8.5 million tourists each year. The USGS aims to help Hawaii preserve its underwater natural resources by tracing how oceanography may influence coral disease outbreaks.
The Hawaiian Islands’ beautiful ocean and beaches attract more than 8.5 million tourists each year. The USGS aims to help Hawaii preserve its underwater natural resources by tracing how oceanography may influence coral disease outbreaks.
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virusBlue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virusBlue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease at Wind Cave National Park. The emaciated appearance and drooping ears are characteristic of latter stages of infection.
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease at Wind Cave National Park. The emaciated appearance and drooping ears are characteristic of latter stages of infection.
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat Disease
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat DiseaseWhite-nose syndrome is a deadly disease in North American bats that has been spreading rapidly since its 2006 discovery in N.Y. State. Thus far, bat declines in the northeastern U.S. have exceeded 80%. For the first time, scientists with the U.S.
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat Disease
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat DiseaseWhite-nose syndrome is a deadly disease in North American bats that has been spreading rapidly since its 2006 discovery in N.Y. State. Thus far, bat declines in the northeastern U.S. have exceeded 80%. For the first time, scientists with the U.S.
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic Diseases
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic DiseasesZoonotic diseases are those that are spread between wildlife and humans, and are an increasing health threat in the U.S. and throughout the world. As such diseases emerge, scientists with the U.S.
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic Diseases
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic DiseasesZoonotic diseases are those that are spread between wildlife and humans, and are an increasing health threat in the U.S. and throughout the world. As such diseases emerge, scientists with the U.S.
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife Diseases
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife DiseasesWant to stay on top of wildlife disease developments throughout the world? USGS scientists Josh Dein and Hon Ip, and USGS web content manager Cris Marsh tell us how with some great Web tracking tools.
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife Diseases
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife DiseasesWant to stay on top of wildlife disease developments throughout the world? USGS scientists Josh Dein and Hon Ip, and USGS web content manager Cris Marsh tell us how with some great Web tracking tools.
Invasive Zebra Mussels
The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter and colonized parts of Lake St. Clair. In less than ten years, zebra mussels spread to all five Great Lakes.
The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter and colonized parts of Lake St. Clair. In less than ten years, zebra mussels spread to all five Great Lakes.
Sonoran Desert Landscape Buffelgrass
Figure 1. Examples of (left) a Sonoran Desert landscape showing the characteristic arrangement of patches of native vegetation separated by bare ground; and (right) a Sonoran Desert landscape that has been invaded by buffelgrass, which fills in the open spaces to form a relatively continuous mat of highly flamm
Figure 1. Examples of (left) a Sonoran Desert landscape showing the characteristic arrangement of patches of native vegetation separated by bare ground; and (right) a Sonoran Desert landscape that has been invaded by buffelgrass, which fills in the open spaces to form a relatively continuous mat of highly flamm
A Record-Breaking Invasive Burmese Python
This female Burmese python broke the records for her length - 17 feet, 7 inches - and the number of eggs she contained: 87. She was first captured in Everglades National Park by USGS researchers in the spring of 2012, when they followed a "Judas snake" - a male python with a transmitter - and found her nearby in the bushes.
This female Burmese python broke the records for her length - 17 feet, 7 inches - and the number of eggs she contained: 87. She was first captured in Everglades National Park by USGS researchers in the spring of 2012, when they followed a "Judas snake" - a male python with a transmitter - and found her nearby in the bushes.
Bighead Carp
Bighead carp are a large and troublesome invasive species from Asia found in the great rivers of the central United States.
Bighead carp are a large and troublesome invasive species from Asia found in the great rivers of the central United States.
Gif of Asian carp, phragmites, and zebra mussels
Gif of Asian carp, phragmites, and zebra mussels
How do scientists know if individual wild birds are infected with avian influenza? How do scientists know if individual wild birds are infected with avian influenza?
The U.S. Department of Agriculture implements a plan every year to monitor wild birds for highly pathogenic avian influenza. This national plan could not be implemented without the engagement of State partners, the National Flyway Council, the Department of the Interior, and other agencies. This coordinated effort is revised annually based on new science and data shared through the Interagency...
What should I do if I find sick or dead wildlife? What should I do if I find sick or dead wildlife?
A cluster of sick or dead animals in an area might indicate a wildlife disease of concern. If you find sick or dead wildlife, contact your closest state or federal wildlife agency; they can decide whether to investigate. You might also contact your local health department to report this occurrence.
Should I be concerned about radon in my house? Should I be concerned about radon in my house?
You can get an idea as to how concerned you should be about radon in your house by learning about the geology of the site and its radon potential. If your house is in an area the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shows has a high potential for radon, then chances are that your house may have an indoor radon problem. However, the way a house is built can increase the risk - so even in areas of...
Why are pollinating bats, birds, bees, butterflies, and other animals important? Why are pollinating bats, birds, bees, butterflies, and other animals important?
Do you enjoy a hot cup of coffee, a juicy peach, an-apple-a-day, almonds, rich and creamy dates, a handful of plump cashews, or vine-ripened tomatoes? Do you enjoy seeing the native flowers and plants that surround you? If so, you depend on pollinators. Wherever flowering plants flourish, pollinating bees, birds, butterflies, bats and other animals are hard at work, providing vital but often...
What should I do if I find dead or dying bats, or if I observe bats with signs of White-nose Syndrome? What should I do if I find dead or dying bats, or if I observe bats with signs of White-nose Syndrome?
If you find a dead or dying bat: Contact your state wildlife agency, file an electronic report in those states that offer this service, e-mail U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists in your area or contact your nearest Fish and Wildlife Service field office to report your potential White-nose Syndrome (WNS) observations. It is important to determine the species of bat in case it is a federally...
What is an invasive species and why are they a problem? What is an invasive species and why are they a problem?
An invasive species is an introduced, nonnative organism (disease, parasite, plant, or animal) that begins to spread or expand its range from the site of its original introduction and that has the potential to cause harm to the environment, the economy, or to human health. A few well-known examples include the unintentional introduction of the West Nile virus, chestnut blight, the South American...
What is chronic wasting disease? What is chronic wasting disease?
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, neurological illness occurring in North American cervids (members of the deer family), including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and moose. Since its discovery in 1967, CWD has spread geographically and increased in prevalence locally. CWD is contagious; it can be transmitted freely within and among cervid populations. No treatments or vaccines are...
Where in the United States has West Nile Virus been detected in wildlife? Where in the United States has West Nile Virus been detected in wildlife?
West Nile Virus has been detected in all conterminous states of the U.S., the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam have no reported cases of West Nile virus in humans or animals. Distribution maps are available from the Centers for Disease Control. Learn more: Vector-Borne Diseases
Some diseases that pass through our environment can be devastating to wildlife, livestock, agriculture, forestry, human health, and recreation. The USGS has many different tools to monitor the spread of certain pathogens and better define how these diseases impact the natural world.
Monitoring Biological Threats
Monitoring Biological Threats
USGS scientists have unique expertise in investigating biological threats such as wildlife diseases, chemical contaminants, pathogens, invasive species, and other environmental challenges. A better understanding of these issues and conditions informs decisions that support a healthy and resilient America.
Assessing the Seen and Unseen
Assessing the Seen and Unseen
Biological threats can range in size from microscopic to global. The USGS delivers science to protect public safety, property, and ecosystems from existing and emerging hazards.
Examples of Biological Threats
Biological threats like diseases and invasive species can spread through nature, causing an incredible ripple effect on human populations. Biological threats can endanger wildlife, livestock, agriculture, forestry, public health, and recreational resources that people rely on. The USGS studies a range of biological hazards to help limit their impacts.
Animal Diseases and Pathogen Transmission
Animal Diseases and Pathogen Transmission
Invasive Species and Nonnative Competition
Invasive Species and Nonnative Competition
Spills, blooms, and aquatic hazards
Spills, blooms, and aquatic hazards
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic Diseases
Biosurveillance
Biosurveillance
Harmful Algal Blooms
Harmful Algal Blooms
The Cost of Biological Threats
Biological threats have an impact on our ecosystem, public safety, and the economy. Sometimes these impacts may be small, while others can be catastrophic. The USGS works with its partners to monitor the different threats and provides insights and resources that help protect people, the environment, and our Nation’s infrastructure.
Media
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details
Science
Wildlife Disease and Environmental Health in Alaska
Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to both wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic location and significant wildlife...
Q&A: Bird Flu - Ongoing Threat of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska and North America
The USGS has cooperated with federal, state, and tribal partners to conduct research on Avian Influenza (AI) viruses and to assist with response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) since 2006. Read ahead for information about HPAI, the occurrence of HPAI among wildlife, USGS-led research and surveillance efforts, and potentially helpful online resources.
Decision science support for Chronic Wasting Disease
Eastern Ecological Science Center adds the decision analytical skill set to the existing body of USGS expertise on Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), in support of our sister DOI agencies.
Algal Toxins and Wildlife Health
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to harm fish and wildlife, domestic animals, livestock, and humans through toxin production or ecological disturbances such as oxygen depletion and blockage of sunlight.
Using Robots in the River: Biosurveillance at USGS streamgages
For more than a decade, researchers around the world have shown that sampling a water body and analyzing for DNA (a method known as eDNA) is an effective method to detect an organism in the water. The challenge is that finding organisms that are not very abundant requires a lot of samples to locate this needle in a haystack. Enter the "lab in a can", the water quality sampling and processing robot...
Multimedia
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
North Pacific Marine Heatwave
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
I Am A...Disease Ecologist
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Coqui frog on a red ti leaf
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Avian influenza virus
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Wildlife Disease and Environmental Health in Alaska
Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to both wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic location and significant wildlife...
Q&A: Bird Flu - Ongoing Threat of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Alaska and North America
The USGS has cooperated with federal, state, and tribal partners to conduct research on Avian Influenza (AI) viruses and to assist with response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) since 2006. Read ahead for information about HPAI, the occurrence of HPAI among wildlife, USGS-led research and surveillance efforts, and potentially helpful online resources.
Decision science support for Chronic Wasting Disease
Eastern Ecological Science Center adds the decision analytical skill set to the existing body of USGS expertise on Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), in support of our sister DOI agencies.
Algal Toxins and Wildlife Health
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to harm fish and wildlife, domestic animals, livestock, and humans through toxin production or ecological disturbances such as oxygen depletion and blockage of sunlight.
Using Robots in the River: Biosurveillance at USGS streamgages
For more than a decade, researchers around the world have shown that sampling a water body and analyzing for DNA (a method known as eDNA) is an effective method to detect an organism in the water. The challenge is that finding organisms that are not very abundant requires a lot of samples to locate this needle in a haystack. Enter the "lab in a can", the water quality sampling and processing robot...
Large Oil Spills
Oil spills, such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, are impactful environmental disasters that have long lasting effects to the landscape, native species, and inhabitants who depend on the area. The USGS explores the adverse effect that large-scale oil spills have on the environment and helps responders prepare for environmental recovery and rehabilitation.
Invasive Carp Early Detection
Increased threat of Invasive carp entering the Great Lakes and spreading to other basins such as the Upper Mississippi River and Ohio River basins, has led to increased prevention and control efforts since 2010. In collaboration with partners, USGS scientists are testing early detection methods and technologies to enhance the ability of agencies to manage Invasive carp to minimize their influence...
Threats to protected areas
Land-use intensification poses significant threats to biodiversity both directly through the alteration and fragmentation of ecosystems and habitat loss, and indirectly through the disruption of supporting ecological processes. While protected areas offer refugia for species and ecosystems, they do not function in isolation from surrounding natural, working, or human-dominated landscapes...
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Distribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North AmericaDistribution of Chronic Wasting Disease in North America, updated April 11, 2025.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease Risk
Eyes on Earth Episode 76 – ECOSTRESS and Disease RiskSpaceborne sensors orbit hundreds of miles over our heads. Even the most advanced among them struggle to capture high-resolution imagery of individual human beings. Mosquitos, of course, are far smaller than we are. Clearly, sensors on a satellite or space station can’t see them.
North Pacific Marine Heatwave
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
In the winter of 2015, the public noticed thousands of dead seabirds washing ashore across the western coast of the United States and Canada. The USGS linked this massive seabird die-off to the North Pacific Marine Heatwave. A marine heatwave occurs when sea surface temperatures are above normal for an extended period of time.
I Am A...Disease Ecologist
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
Welcome to the "I Am A..." series, a whiteboard animation video series highlighting USGS careers.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome Surveillance
UV Screening for Bat White-Nose Syndrome SurveillanceLong-wave ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to detect orange fluorescence associated with white-nose syndrome (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/white-nose-syndrome-surveillance) on bat skin.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, Deer
Outstanding in the Field (Ep 3): Chronic Wasting Disease - Oh, DeerThe USGS Ecosystems Mission Area brings you Outstanding in the Field, a series of stories about our science, our adventures, and our efforts to better understand our fish and wildlife and the ecosystems that support them.
Coqui frog on a red ti leaf
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
A coqui frog sits on a red ti leaf, next to a quarter for scale. Native to Puerto Rico, coqui frogs are an invasive species in Hawaii.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).
Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae).Invasive black and white tegu lizards (Salvator merianae). USGS is working on development of tools for the detection and capture of invasive reptiles in Florida.
Avian influenza virus
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Digitally-colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph of avian influenza viruses. Credit CDC/F.A. Murphy
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza Outbreaks
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza OutbreaksFor more information on avian influenza, see http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ai.
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza Outbreaks
Visual History of Worldwide Avian Influenza OutbreaksFor more information on avian influenza, see http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ai.
Exploring Causes of Coral Disease
The Hawaiian Islands’ beautiful ocean and beaches attract more than 8.5 million tourists each year. The USGS aims to help Hawaii preserve its underwater natural resources by tracing how oceanography may influence coral disease outbreaks.
The Hawaiian Islands’ beautiful ocean and beaches attract more than 8.5 million tourists each year. The USGS aims to help Hawaii preserve its underwater natural resources by tracing how oceanography may influence coral disease outbreaks.
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virusBlue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
Blue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virusBlue-winged teal in Texas. Inset shows avian influenza virus
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease at Wind Cave National Park. The emaciated appearance and drooping ears are characteristic of latter stages of infection.
A bull elk with chronic wasting disease at Wind Cave National Park. The emaciated appearance and drooping ears are characteristic of latter stages of infection.
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat Disease
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat DiseaseWhite-nose syndrome is a deadly disease in North American bats that has been spreading rapidly since its 2006 discovery in N.Y. State. Thus far, bat declines in the northeastern U.S. have exceeded 80%. For the first time, scientists with the U.S.
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat Disease
Culprit Identified: Fungus Causes Deadly Bat DiseaseWhite-nose syndrome is a deadly disease in North American bats that has been spreading rapidly since its 2006 discovery in N.Y. State. Thus far, bat declines in the northeastern U.S. have exceeded 80%. For the first time, scientists with the U.S.
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic Diseases
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic DiseasesZoonotic diseases are those that are spread between wildlife and humans, and are an increasing health threat in the U.S. and throughout the world. As such diseases emerge, scientists with the U.S.
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic Diseases
Disease Detectives: Investigating the Mysteries of Zoonotic DiseasesZoonotic diseases are those that are spread between wildlife and humans, and are an increasing health threat in the U.S. and throughout the world. As such diseases emerge, scientists with the U.S.
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife Diseases
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife DiseasesWant to stay on top of wildlife disease developments throughout the world? USGS scientists Josh Dein and Hon Ip, and USGS web content manager Cris Marsh tell us how with some great Web tracking tools.
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife Diseases
You, Too, Can Track Avian Flu and Other Wildlife DiseasesWant to stay on top of wildlife disease developments throughout the world? USGS scientists Josh Dein and Hon Ip, and USGS web content manager Cris Marsh tell us how with some great Web tracking tools.
Invasive Zebra Mussels
The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter and colonized parts of Lake St. Clair. In less than ten years, zebra mussels spread to all five Great Lakes.
The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter and colonized parts of Lake St. Clair. In less than ten years, zebra mussels spread to all five Great Lakes.
Sonoran Desert Landscape Buffelgrass
Figure 1. Examples of (left) a Sonoran Desert landscape showing the characteristic arrangement of patches of native vegetation separated by bare ground; and (right) a Sonoran Desert landscape that has been invaded by buffelgrass, which fills in the open spaces to form a relatively continuous mat of highly flamm
Figure 1. Examples of (left) a Sonoran Desert landscape showing the characteristic arrangement of patches of native vegetation separated by bare ground; and (right) a Sonoran Desert landscape that has been invaded by buffelgrass, which fills in the open spaces to form a relatively continuous mat of highly flamm
A Record-Breaking Invasive Burmese Python
This female Burmese python broke the records for her length - 17 feet, 7 inches - and the number of eggs she contained: 87. She was first captured in Everglades National Park by USGS researchers in the spring of 2012, when they followed a "Judas snake" - a male python with a transmitter - and found her nearby in the bushes.
This female Burmese python broke the records for her length - 17 feet, 7 inches - and the number of eggs she contained: 87. She was first captured in Everglades National Park by USGS researchers in the spring of 2012, when they followed a "Judas snake" - a male python with a transmitter - and found her nearby in the bushes.
Bighead Carp
Bighead carp are a large and troublesome invasive species from Asia found in the great rivers of the central United States.
Bighead carp are a large and troublesome invasive species from Asia found in the great rivers of the central United States.
Gif of Asian carp, phragmites, and zebra mussels
Gif of Asian carp, phragmites, and zebra mussels
How do scientists know if individual wild birds are infected with avian influenza? How do scientists know if individual wild birds are infected with avian influenza?
The U.S. Department of Agriculture implements a plan every year to monitor wild birds for highly pathogenic avian influenza. This national plan could not be implemented without the engagement of State partners, the National Flyway Council, the Department of the Interior, and other agencies. This coordinated effort is revised annually based on new science and data shared through the Interagency...
What should I do if I find sick or dead wildlife? What should I do if I find sick or dead wildlife?
A cluster of sick or dead animals in an area might indicate a wildlife disease of concern. If you find sick or dead wildlife, contact your closest state or federal wildlife agency; they can decide whether to investigate. You might also contact your local health department to report this occurrence.
Should I be concerned about radon in my house? Should I be concerned about radon in my house?
You can get an idea as to how concerned you should be about radon in your house by learning about the geology of the site and its radon potential. If your house is in an area the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shows has a high potential for radon, then chances are that your house may have an indoor radon problem. However, the way a house is built can increase the risk - so even in areas of...
Why are pollinating bats, birds, bees, butterflies, and other animals important? Why are pollinating bats, birds, bees, butterflies, and other animals important?
Do you enjoy a hot cup of coffee, a juicy peach, an-apple-a-day, almonds, rich and creamy dates, a handful of plump cashews, or vine-ripened tomatoes? Do you enjoy seeing the native flowers and plants that surround you? If so, you depend on pollinators. Wherever flowering plants flourish, pollinating bees, birds, butterflies, bats and other animals are hard at work, providing vital but often...
What should I do if I find dead or dying bats, or if I observe bats with signs of White-nose Syndrome? What should I do if I find dead or dying bats, or if I observe bats with signs of White-nose Syndrome?
If you find a dead or dying bat: Contact your state wildlife agency, file an electronic report in those states that offer this service, e-mail U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists in your area or contact your nearest Fish and Wildlife Service field office to report your potential White-nose Syndrome (WNS) observations. It is important to determine the species of bat in case it is a federally...
What is an invasive species and why are they a problem? What is an invasive species and why are they a problem?
An invasive species is an introduced, nonnative organism (disease, parasite, plant, or animal) that begins to spread or expand its range from the site of its original introduction and that has the potential to cause harm to the environment, the economy, or to human health. A few well-known examples include the unintentional introduction of the West Nile virus, chestnut blight, the South American...
What is chronic wasting disease? What is chronic wasting disease?
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, neurological illness occurring in North American cervids (members of the deer family), including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, and moose. Since its discovery in 1967, CWD has spread geographically and increased in prevalence locally. CWD is contagious; it can be transmitted freely within and among cervid populations. No treatments or vaccines are...
Where in the United States has West Nile Virus been detected in wildlife? Where in the United States has West Nile Virus been detected in wildlife?
West Nile Virus has been detected in all conterminous states of the U.S., the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam have no reported cases of West Nile virus in humans or animals. Distribution maps are available from the Centers for Disease Control. Learn more: Vector-Borne Diseases