Bruce Lindsey is a hydrologist with the USGS Water Resources Mission Area.
Bruce Lindsey has worked as a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1992. His primary field of interest is groundwater quality. He has conducted regional and national assessments of status and trends in groundwater quality in the United States for the National Water-Quality Assessment project. He currently is the coordinator of groundwater assessments for the National Water Quality Network, which monitors groundwater quality in about 2,200 wells across the United States in 82 networks of about 25-30 wells each. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality and availability of groundwater for drinking supply, improve our understanding of where and why water quality is degraded, and assess how groundwater quality could respond to changes in hydrologic conditions and land use. Constituents of concern for this research include both natural contaminants (trace elements and radionuclides) as well as anthropogenic contaminants (nutrients, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), volatile organic compounds and pesticides). Bruce is also the project manager for the National Surveillance function, which evaluates and summarizes substantial issues potentially affecting water availability – streamflow, groundwater levels, surface water quality, and groundwater quality – from USGS national networks. In addition, Bruce has also conducted studies on microbiological quality of drinking water resources, focusing on occurrence of both bacteria and viruses.
Education and Certifications
B.S. Agricultural Engineering, 1984, Pennsylvania State University
M.S. Geoenvironmental Science, 2004, Shippensburg University
Science and Products
Pesticides in Pennsylvania Groundwaters
Groundwater Quality Research
Chloride, Salinity, and Dissolved Solids
Public Supply Wells
Groundwater Quality in Principal Aquifers of the Nation, 1991–2010
Groundwater Quality—Current Conditions and Changes Through Time
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
Bacteriological quality of groundwater used for household supply
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2022
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2021
Select Groundwater-Quality and Quality-Control Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project 2019 to Present (ver. 3.0, November 2023)
Data for volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States, 2013-19, and data for associated quality-control samples
Geochemical and Geospatial Data for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater Used As a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2020
Inorganic Constituent and Ancillary Data for Evaluation of Lithium in Groundwater in the United States, 1991-2018
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2018
Data for Time Scales of Arsenic Variability and the Role of High-Frequency Monitoring at Three Water-Supply Wells in New Hampshire, USA
Inventory of well-construction data, water-quality and quality control data, statistical data, and geochemical modeling data for wells in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States, 2012 and 2013
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2014, Version 2.0
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2012
Thirty years of regional groundwater-quality trend studies in the United States: Major findings and lessons learned
Water Resources Trend Assessments: State of the Science, Challenges, and Opportunities for Advancement
Quality of groundwater used for public supply in the continental United States: A comprehensive assessment
The presence of contaminants in a source water can constrain its suitability for drinking. The quality of groundwater used for public supply was assessed in 25 principal aquifers (PAs) that account for 84% of groundwater pumped for public supply in the U.S. (89.6 million people on a proportional basis). Each PA was sampled across its lateral extent using an equal-area grid, typically with 60 wells
Global groundwater solute composition and concentrations
Volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence, explanatory factors, and human-health context
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States
In 2019, 254 samples were collected from five aquifer systems to evaluate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) occurrence in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States. The samples were analyzed for 24 PFAS, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pharmaceuticals, and tritium. Fourteen of the 24
Relation between road-salt application and increasing radium concentrations in a low-pH aquifer, southern New Jersey
Groundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January 2017 through December 2019
Lithium in groundwater used for drinking-water supply in the United States
Pesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context
Quality of pesticide data for groundwater analyzed for the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, 2013–18
Fluoride occurrence in United States groundwater
Science and Products
- Science
Pesticides in Pennsylvania Groundwaters
USGS annually samples domestic groundwater wells to characterize pesticides, nutrients, and radon in agricultural areas, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Beginning in 2021, samples for major ions, trace elements, bacteria, and isotopes will also be collected. A subset of wells will be sampled for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), emerging industrial...Groundwater Quality Research
Every day, millions of gallons of groundwater are pumped to supply drinking water for about 140 million people, almost one-half of the Nation’s population. Learn about the quality and availability of groundwater for drinking, where and why groundwater quality is degraded, and where groundwater quality is changing.Chloride, Salinity, and Dissolved Solids
All natural waters contain some dissolved solids (salinity) from contact with soils, rocks, and other natural materials. Too much, though, and dissolved solids can impair water use. Unpleasant taste, high water-treatment costs, mineral accumulation in plumbing, staining, corrosion, and restricted use for irrigation are among the problems associated with elevated concentrations of dissolved solids.Public Supply Wells
Are you among the more than 100 million people in the U.S. who relies on a public-supply well for your drinking water? Although the quality of finished drinking water from public water systems is regulated by the EPA, long-term protection and management of the raw groundwater tapped by public-supply wells requires an understanding of the occurrence of contaminants in this invisible, vital resource...Groundwater Quality in Principal Aquifers of the Nation, 1991–2010
What’s in your groundwater? Learn about groundwater quality in the Principal Aquifers of nine regions across the United States in informative circulars filled with figures, photos, and water-quality information.Groundwater Quality—Current Conditions and Changes Through Time
Is groundwater the source of your drinking water? The USGS is assessing the quality of groundwater used for public supply using newly collected data along with existing water-quality data. Learn more about this invisible, vital resource so many of us depend on.Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals that both vaporize into air and dissolve in water. VOCs are pervasive in daily life, because they’re used in industry, agriculture, transportation, and day-to-day activities around the home. Once released into groundwater, many VOCs are persistent and can migrate to drinking-water supply wells.USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
A new online interactive mapping tool provides summaries of decadal-scale changes in groundwater chemistry across the Nation.USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
A new online interactive mapping tool provides summaries of decadal-scale changes in groundwater chemistry across the Nation.USGS Online Mapper Provides a Decadal Look at Groundwater Quality
A new online interactive mapping tool provides summaries of decadal-scale changes in groundwater chemistry across the Nation.Bacteriological quality of groundwater used for household supply
In fractured bedrock aquifers used for domestic supply conditions can exist where contaminants such as bacteria are not filtered out by the soil. Once in the fracture system, little additional filtration takes place. The results of a synotic sampling of domestic wells in the Lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, showed that bacteria concentrations were higher in areas with high... - Data
Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2022
Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater-quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first decadal sampling event) by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled again approximately 10 years later between 20Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2021
Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater-quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first decadal sampling event) by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled again approximately 10 years later between 20Select Groundwater-Quality and Quality-Control Data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project 2019 to Present (ver. 3.0, November 2023)
Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 417 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program and the water-quality data and quality-control data are included in this data release. The samples were collected from three types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the qualityData for volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States, 2013-19, and data for associated quality-control samples
This data release includes tables and time-series plots of results for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyzed in samples of groundwater used for public supply that were collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project and the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) during 201Geochemical and Geospatial Data for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Groundwater Used As a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States
Concentrations of inorganic constituents, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), tritium, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pharmaceuticals were measured in groundwater samples collected from 254 wells in 2019 and 2020. Concentrations of inorganic constituents, DOC, VOCs, and pharmaceuticals were measured at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National WateData from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2020
Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater-quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first decadal sampling event) by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled again approximately 10 years later between 20Inorganic Constituent and Ancillary Data for Evaluation of Lithium in Groundwater in the United States, 1991-2018
Lithium concentrations in untreated groundwater from 1,464 public-supply wells, 1,676 domestic-supply wells, and 1,560 monitoring wells distributed across 33 principal aquifers in the United States were evaluated for spatial variations and possible explanatory factors. For context, lithium concentrations are compared to a drinking-water only threshold (60 mg/L) and a Health-Based Screening Level (Data from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2018
Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater-quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first decadal sampling event) by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled again approximately 10 years later between 20Data for Time Scales of Arsenic Variability and the Role of High-Frequency Monitoring at Three Water-Supply Wells in New Hampshire, USA
This data release consists of data (in four tables) for assessing the time scales of arsenic variability in three production wells in New Hampshire; tables that describe the data fields in the data tables are also included in the data release. High-frequency (every 5 to 15 minutes) and bi-monthly water-quality monitoring of a bedrock-aquifer domestic well (425651070573701), a bedrock-aquifer publiInventory of well-construction data, water-quality and quality control data, statistical data, and geochemical modeling data for wells in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States, 2012 and 2013
This dataset provides analytical and other data in support of an analysis of lead and manganese in untreated drinking water from Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern United States. The occurrence of dissolved lead and manganese in sampled groundwater, prior to its distribution or treatment, is related to the potential presence of source minerals and specific environmental factors inclData from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2014, Version 2.0
Evaluating Decadal Changes in Groundwater Quality: Groundwater quality data were collected from 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 (first sampling event) by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Project. Samples are collected in groups of 20-30 wells with similar characteristics called networks. About 1,500 of these wells in 67 networks were sampled about 10 years later betweeData from Decadal Change in Groundwater Quality Web Site, 1988-2012
Groundwater quality data were collected in 5,000 wells between 1988-2001 by the National Water-Quality Assessment Project. About 1,500 of these wells were sampled again between 2002-2012 to evaluate decadal changes in groundwater quality. Monitoring wells, domestic supply wells, and some public supply wells were included in this study. All water was collected prior to treatment. Groundwater sample - Multimedia
- Publications
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Thirty years of regional groundwater-quality trend studies in the United States: Major findings and lessons learned
Changes in groundwater quality have been evaluated for more than 2,200 wells in 25 Principal Aquifers in the United States based on repeated decadal sampling (once every 10 years) from 1988 to 2021. The purpose of this study is to identify contaminants with changing concentrations, the locations and magnitude of those changes, the factors driving those changes, the obstacles to interpreting the chAuthorsBruce D. Lindsey, Brandon J. Fleming, Phillip J. Goodling, Amanda Nicole MayWater Resources Trend Assessments: State of the Science, Challenges, and Opportunities for Advancement
Water is vital to human life and healthy ecosystems. Here we outline the current state of national-scale water resources trend assessments, identify key gaps, and suggest advancements to better address critical issues related to changes in water resources that may threaten human development or the environment. Questions like, “Do we have less suitable drinking water now than we had 20 years ago?”AuthorsSarah M. Stackpoole, Gretchen P. Oelsner, Edward G. Stets, Jory Seth Hecht, Zachary Johnson, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Michelle A. Walvoord, Jeffrey G. Chanat, Krista A. Dunne, Phillip J. Goodling, Bruce D. Lindsey, Michael Meador, Sarah SpauldingQuality of groundwater used for public supply in the continental United States: A comprehensive assessment
The presence of contaminants in a source water can constrain its suitability for drinking. The quality of groundwater used for public supply was assessed in 25 principal aquifers (PAs) that account for 84% of groundwater pumped for public supply in the U.S. (89.6 million people on a proportional basis). Each PA was sampled across its lateral extent using an equal-area grid, typically with 60 wells
AuthorsKenneth Belitz, Miranda S. Fram, Bruce D. Lindsey, Paul Stackelberg, Laura M. Bexfield, Tyler D. Johnson, Bryant Jurgens, James A. Kingsbury, Peter B. McMahon, Neil M. DubrovskyGlobal groundwater solute composition and concentrations
Informed analysis of policies related to food security, global climate change, wetland ecology, environmental nutrient flux, element cycling, groundwater weathering, continental denudation, human health, etc. depends to a large extent on quantitative estimates of solute mass fluxes into and out of all global element pools including the enigmatic global aquifer systems. Herein for the first time, wAuthorsWarren W. Wood, Pauline L. Smedley, Bruce D. Lindsey, Warren T. Wood, Roberto E. Kirchheim, John A. CherryVolatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence, explanatory factors, and human-health context
This systematic assessment of occurrence for 85 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in raw (untreated) groundwater used for public supply across the United States (U.S.), which includes 43 compounds not previously monitored by national studies, relates VOC occurrence to explanatory factors and assesses VOC detections in a human-health context. Samples were collected in 2013 through 2019 from 1537 puAuthorsLaura M. Bexfield, Kenneth Belitz, Miranda S. Fram, Bruce D. LindseyPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States
In 2019, 254 samples were collected from five aquifer systems to evaluate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) occurrence in groundwater used as a source of drinking water in the eastern United States. The samples were analyzed for 24 PFAS, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pharmaceuticals, and tritium. Fourteen of the 24
AuthorsPeter B. McMahon, Andrea K. Tokranov, Laura M. Bexfield, Bruce D. Lindsey, Tyler D. Johnson, Melissa Lombard, Elise WatsonRelation between road-salt application and increasing radium concentrations in a low-pH aquifer, southern New Jersey
The Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer in southern New Jersey is an important source of drinking-water supplies, but the availability of the resource is limited in some areas by high concentrations of radium, a potential carcinogen at elevated concentrations. Radium (226Ra plus 228Ra) concentrations from a network of 25 drinking-water wells showed a statistically significant increase over a decadal time scAuthorsBruce D. Lindsey, Charles A. Cravotta, Zoltan Szabo, Kenneth Belitz, Paul StackelbergGroundwater-quality and select quality-control data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, January 2017 through December 2019
Groundwater-quality environmental data were collected from 983 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Program and are included in this report. The data were collected from six types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which are used to assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-usAuthorsJames A. Kingsbury, Laura M. Bexfield, Terri Arnold, MaryLynn Musgrove, Melinda L. Erickson, James R. Degnan, Anthony J. Tesoriero, Bruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth BelitzLithium in groundwater used for drinking-water supply in the United States
Lithium concentrations in untreated groundwater from 1464 public-supply wells and 1676 domestic-supply wells distributed across 33 principal aquifers in the United States were evaluated for spatial variations and possible explanatory factors. Concentrations nationwide ranged from <1 to 396 μg/L (median of 8.1) for public supply wells and <1 to 1700 μg/L (median of 6 μg/L) for domestic supply wellsAuthorsBruce D. Lindsey, Kenneth Belitz, Charles A. Cravotta, Patricia Toccalino, Neil M. DubrovskyPesticides and pesticide degradates in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence and human-health context
This is the first assessment of groundwater from public-supply wells across the United States to analyze for >100 pesticide degradates and to provide human-health context for degradates without benchmarks. Samples from 1204 wells in aquifers representing 70% of the volume pumped for drinking supply were analyzed for 109 pesticides (active ingredients) and 116 degradates. Among the 41% of wells wheAuthorsLaura M. Bexfield, Kenneth Belitz, Bruce D. Lindsey, Patricia Toccalino, Lisa H. NowellQuality of pesticide data for groundwater analyzed for the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, 2013–18
The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) submitted nearly 1,900 samples collected from groundwater sites across the United States in 2013–18 for analysis of 225 pesticide compounds (pesticides and pesticide degradates, hereafter referred to as “pesticides”) by USGS National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2437 (S2437). For the associated NAWQA stAuthorsLaura M. Bexfield, Kenneth Belitz, Mark W. Sandstrom, Delicia Beaty, Laura Medalie, Bruce D. Lindsey, Lisa H. NowellFluoride occurrence in United States groundwater
Data from 38,105 wells were used to characterize fluoride (F) occurrence in untreated United States (U.S.) groundwater. For domestic wells (n = 11,032), water from which is generally not purposely fluoridated or monitored for quality, 10.9% of the samples have F concentrations >0.7 mg/L (U.S. Public Health Service recommended optimal F concentration in drinking water for preventing tooth decay) (8AuthorsPeter B. McMahon, Craig J. Brown, Tyler D. Johnson, Kenneth Belitz, Bruce D. Lindsey - News