Danny Brothers
I currently lead a project called "Marine Geohazards of the U.S. West Coast and Alaska" and I spend about 6-10 weeks per year at sea collecting marine geophysical data. You can learn more about the project and its members here
Biography
I received my Ph.D. in 2009 from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, then moved to Woods Hole, MA, for a Mendenhall Postdoctoral Fellowship. In 2013, I moved to Santa Cruz, CA, where I currently work as a Research Geophysicist at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. I grew up in Colorado and spent four years at CU Boulder for undergraduate studies in geophysics.
My research is focused on the following topics:
- Development and application of geophysical approaches to offshore earthquake, landslide and tsunami hazard assesments
- Marine paleoseismology
- Understanding the interplay between tectonic, sedimentary, climatic processes along continental margins.
- Combining basic and applied research to study the geomorphic development of continental margins, including substrate fluid flow
Publications:
Hill, J., D.S. Brothers, B.K. Craig, U.S. ten Brink, J.D. Chaytor, C. Flores, 2017, Geologic controls on submarine slope failure along the central U.S. Atlantic margin: Insights from the Currituck Slide Complex, Marine Geology, v. 385, p.114-130, DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.007. [Link]
Maier, K.L., D.S. Brothers, C.K. Paull, M. McGann, D.W. Caress, J.E. Conrad, 2017, Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California borderland, Marine Geology, in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.001. [Link]
Chaytor, J.D., A.W.J. Demopoulos, U.S. ten Brink, C. Baxter, A.M. Quattrini, D.S. Brothers, 2016, Assessment of Canyon Wall Failure Process from Multibeam Bathymetry and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Observations, US Atlantic Continental Margin; Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences, v. 41, 103-113, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_10. [Link]
Kluesner, J., D.S. Brothers, 2016, Seismic attribute detection of faults and fluid pathways within an active strike-slip shear zone: New insights from high-resolution 3D P-Cable™ seismic data along the Hosgri Fault, offshore California, Interpretation, 4, 1, DOI: 10.1190/INT-2015-0143.1. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., P.J. Haeussler, L. Liberty, D. Finlayson, E. Geist, K. Labay, M. Byerly, 2016, A submarine landslide source for the devastating 1964 Chenega tsunami, southern Alaska; Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 438, 112–121. [Download File]
Dartnell, P. N.W. Driscoll, D.S. Brothers, J.E. Conrad, J. Kluesner, G.M. Kent, 2015, Colored shaded-relief bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and selected perspective views of the Inner Continental Borderland, southern California; USGS Scientific Investigations Map 3324, 3 sheets. [Link]
Klotsko, S., N.W. Driscoll, G.M. Kent, D.S. Brothers, 2015, Continental shelf morphology and stratigraphy offshore San Onofre, California: the interplay between rates of eustatic change and sediment supply; Marine Geology, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.003. [Link]
Brothers, D.S., J.E. Conrad, K.L. Maier, C.K. Paull, M. McGann, D.W. Caress, 2015, The Palos Verdes Fault offshore Southern California: Late Pleistocene to present tectonic geomorphology, seascape evolution, and slip rate estimate based on AUV and ROV surveys; Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 4734–4758, doi:10.1002/2015JB011938. [Download File]
Obelcz, J. D.S. Brothers, U. ten Brink, J. Chaytor, C. Worley, E. Moore, 2014, Chirp seismic reflection data from Baltimore, Washington, and Norfolk Canyons, U.S. Mid-Atlantic Margin; USGS Open File Report, 2014-1118. [Link]
Skarke, A., C. Ruppel, M. Kodis, D. Brothers, E. Lobecker, Widespread methane leakage from the sea floor on the northern US Atlantic margin, 2014; Nature Geoscience, 7, 657–661. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., C. Ruppel, J. Kluesner, J.D. Chaytor, U.S. ten Brink, J.C Hill, C. Flores, B. Andrews, 2014, Evidence for seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the U.S. Atlantic margin; Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1002/2013GL058048. [Download File]
Obelcz, J., D.S. Brothers, J.D. Chaytor, U.S. ten Brink, S. Ross, S. Brooke, 2014, Geomorphic characterization of four shelf-sourced submarine canyons, U.S. Atlantic margin; Deep Sea Research II, v. 104, p. 106–119. [Download File]
U.S. ten Brink, J.D. Chaytor, E. Geist, D.S Brothers, B. Andrews, 2014, Assessment of tsunami hazards to the U.S. Atlantic margin; Marine Geology, v. 353, p. 31–54. [Download File]
Andrews, B.D., J.D. Chaytor, U.S. ten Brink, D.S. Brothers, J.V. Gardner, 2013, Bathymetric terrain model of the Atlantic Margin for marine geological investigations; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1266, 11 p. [Link]
Brothers, D.S., K. Luttrell, J. Chaytor, 2013, Sea-level–induced seismicity and submarine landslide occurrence; Geology, v. 41, no. 9, 979–982. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., U. ten Brink, B. Andrews, 2013, Geomorphic process fingerprints in submarine canyons; Marine Geology, v. 338, p.46–63. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., U. ten Brink, B. Andrews, J. Chaytor, D. Twichell, 2013, Geomorphic characterization of the US Atlantic continental margin; Marine Geology, v. 337, p.53–66. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., A.J. Harding, A. Gonzalez-Fernandez, W.S. Holbrook, G.M. Kent, N.W. Driscoll, J. Fletcher, D. Lizarralde, P.J. Umhoeffer, G. Axen, 2012, Farallon slab detachment and deformation of the Magdalena Shelf, southern Baja California; Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2011GL050828. [Download File]
Kleppe, J.A., D.S. Brothers, G.M. Kent, F. Biondi, S. Jensen, N.W. Driscoll, 2011, Timing and severity of Medieval drought in the Lake Tahoe Basin; Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 3269–3279. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., D.K. Kilb, K. Luttrell, G. Kent, N. Driscoll, 2011, Flood induced rupture of faults beneath the Salton Sea; Nature Geoscience, 4, 486-492. [Download File]
Brothers, D.S., N.W. Driscoll, G.M. Kent, A.J. Harding, J.M. Babcock, R.L. Baskin, 2009, Tectonic evolution of the Salton Sea inferred from seismic reflection data; Nature Geoscience, 2, 581-584.[Download File]
Brothers, D.S., G.M. Kent, N.W. Driscoll, S.B. Smith, R. Karlin, J.A. Dingler, A.J. Harding, G.G. Seitz, J.M. Babcock, 2009, New constraints on deformation, slip rate, and timing o the most recent earthquake on the West Tahoe-Dollar Point Fault, Lake Tahoe Basin, California; Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99, 2A, 499–519. [Download File]
News and Outreach:
February 2, 2016, FOX NEWS, "USGS discovers source of Alaska tsunami that decimated village in 1964"
July 6, 2011 LA Times, “Scientists tie Colorado River flooding to San Andreas Quakes”
July 3, 2011 San Francisco Chronicle, “Big quake near Salton Sea may be long overdue”
June 29, 2011 Discovery News, “Smaller Salton Sea silences seismic shocks”
June 29, 2011 USA Today, “Salton Sea floods flipped San Andreas earthquake trigger”
January 9, 2010 Nature News, “Floods linked to San Andreas quakes”
July 28, 2009 LA Times feature “More earthquake faults discovered at the Salton Sea”
May 15, 2009 CBS 5, “Lake Tahoe may be due for huge quake, tsunami”
Science and Products
Earthquake Hazards in Southeastern Alaska
Over the last 100 years, the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault system has produced large-magnitude earthquakes affecting both Canada and the U.S. To fill in missing details about its offshore location and structure, USGS uses sophisticated techniques to truly understand the fault’s hazard potential.
U.S. West Coast and Alaska Marine Geohazards
Marine geohazards are sudden and extreme events beneath the ocean that threaten coastal populations. Such underwater hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and tsunamis.
Devastating earthquakes in Japan (2011) and Chile (2010) that spawned pan-oceanic tsunamis sent a sobering reminder that U.S. coastlines are also vulnerable to natural disasters that originate in...
Subsurface controls on the development of the Cape Fear Slide Complex, central US Atlantic Margin
The Cape Fear Slide is one of the largest (>25 000 km3) submarine slope failure complexes on the US Atlantic margin. Here we use a combination of new high-resolution multichannel seismic data (MCS) from the National Science Foundation Geodynamic Processes at Rifting and Subducting Margins (NSF GeoPRISMS) Community Seismic Experiment and legacy...
Hill, Jenna C.; Brothers, Daniel S.; Hornbach, Matthew J.; Sawyer, Derek E.; Shillington, Donna J.; Bécel, Anne Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data
Sparkers are a type of sound source widely used by the marine seismic community to provide high-resolution imagery of the shallow sub-bottom (i.e., < 1000 m). Although sparkers are relatively simple, inexpensive, and high-frequency (100–2500 Hz) sources, they have several potential pitfalls due to their complicated and...
Kluesner, Jared; Brothers, Daniel; Hart, Patrick E.; Miller, Nathaniel; Hatcher, Gerry Deformation of the Pacific/North America plate boundary at Queen Charlotte Fault: The possible role of rheology
The Pacific/North America (PA/NA) plate boundary between Vancouver Island and Alaska is similar to the PA/NA boundary in California in its kinematic history and the rate and azimuth of current relative motion, yet their deformation styles are distinct. The California plate boundary shows a broad zone of parallel strike slip and thrust faults and...
ten Brink, Uri S.; Miller, Nathaniel; Andrews, Brian; Brothers, Daniel; Haeussler, Peter J. Seafloor fluid seeps on Kimki Ridge, offshore southern California: Links to active strike-slip faulting
The Kimki Ridge fluid seeps are located in western Catalina Basin about 60 km southwest of the southern California mainland and at a water depth of approximately 1100 m. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014 show acoustic transparency within the Kimki...
Conrad, James E.; Prouty, Nancy G.; Walton, Maureen A. L.; Kluesner, Jared W.; Maier, Katherine L.; McGann, Mary; Brothers, Daniel; Roland, Emily C.; Dartnell, Peter Corrugated megathrust revealed offshore from Costa Rica
Exhumed faults are rough, often exhibiting topographic corrugations oriented in the direction of slip; such features are fundamental to mechanical processes that drive earthquakes and fault evolution. However, our understanding of corrugation genesis remains limited due to a lack of in situ observations at depth, especially at subducting plate...
Edwards, Joel H.; Kluesner, Jared; Silver, Eli A.; Brodsky, Emily E.; Brothers, Daniel; Bangs, Nathan L.; Kirkpatrick, James D.; Wood, Ruby; Okamato, Kristina Strain partitioning in southeastern Alaska: Is the Chatham Strait Fault active?
A 1200 km-long transform plate boundary passes through southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia and represents one of the most seismically active, but poorly understood continental margins of North America. Although most of the plate motion is accommodated by the right-lateral Queen Charlotte–Fairweather Fault (QCFF) System,...
Brothers, Daniel; Elliott, Julie L.; Conrad, James E.; Haeussler, Peter J.; Kluesner, Jared Investigation of late Pleistocene and Holocene activity in the San Gregorio fault zone on the continental slope north of Monterey Canyon, offshore central California
We provide an extensive high‐resolution geophysical, sediment core, and radiocarbon dataset to address late Pleistocene and Holocene fault activity of the San Gregorio fault zone (SGFZ), offshore central California. The SGFZ occurs primarily offshore in the San Andreas fault system and has been accommodating dextral strike‐slip motion between the...
Maier, Katherine L.; Paull, Charles K.; Brothers, Daniel; Caress, David W.; McGann, Mary; Lundsten, Eve M.; Anderson, Krystle; Gwiazda, Roberto
Reducing risk where tectonic plates collide—U.S. Geological Survey subduction zone science plan
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information and tools to build resilience in communities exposed to subduction zone earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. Improving the application of USGS science to successfully reduce risk from these events relies on whole community efforts...
Gomberg, Joan S.; Ludwig, K.A.; Bekins, Barbara; Brocher, Thomas M.; Brock, John C.; Brothers, Daniel; Chaytor, Jason D.; Frankel, Arthur; Geist, Eric L.; Haney, Matt; Hickman, Stephen H.; Leith, William S.; Roeloffs, Evelyn A.; Schulz, William H.; Sisson, Thomas W.; Wallace, Kristi; Watt, Janet; Wein, Anne M. Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California Borderland
Variations in seabed gradient are widely acknowledged to influence deep-water deposition, but are often difficult to measure in sufficient detail from both modern and ancient examples. On the continental slope offshore Los Angeles, California, autonomous underwater vehicle, remotely operated vehicle, and shipboard methods were used to collect a...
Maier, Katherine L.; Brothers, Daniel; Paull, Charles K.; McGann, Mary; Caress, David W.; Conrad, James E. Seismic attribute detection of faults and fluid pathways within an active strike-slip shear zone: New insights from high-resolution 3D P-Cable™ seismic data along the Hosgri Fault, offshore California
Poststack data conditioning and neural-network seismic attribute workflows are used to detect and visualize faulting and fluid migration pathways within a 13.7 km2 13.7 km2 3D P-Cable™ seismic volume located along the Hosgri Fault Zone offshore central California. The high-resolution 3D volume used in this study was...
Kluesner, Jared W.; Brothers, Daniel Continental Shelf Morphology and Stratigraphy Offshore San Onofre, CA: The Interplay Between Rates of Eustatic Change and Sediment Supply
New high-resolution CHIRP seismic data acquired offshore San Onofre, southern California reveal that shelf sediment distribution and thickness are primarily controlled by eustatic sea level rise and sediment supply. Throughout the majority of the study region, a prominent abrasion platform and associated shoreline cutoff are observed in the...
Klotsko, Shannon; Driscoll, Neal W.; Kent, Graham; Brothers, Daniel A submarine landslide source for the devastating 1964 Chenega tsunami, southern Alaska
During the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake (Mw 9.2), several fjords, straits, and bays throughout southern Alaska experienced significant tsunami runup of localized, but unexplained origin. Dangerous Passage is a glacimarine fjord in western Prince William Sound, which experienced a tsunami that devastated the village of Chenega where 23 of 75...
Brothers, Daniel; Haeussler, Peter J.; Lee Liberty; David Finlayson; Geist, Eric L.; Labay, Keith A.; Michael Byerly
Giant grooves discovered on an earthquake fault offshore Costa Rica
Imagine dragging your outstretched fingers through wet beach sand, leaving long grooves behind. Scientists recently discovered enormous grooves buried under the seafloor near Costa Rica. The detailed three-dimensional data they used to uncover these corrugations can help them better understand large subduction zone earthquakes and related tsunamis worldwide.
U.S. and Canadian Scientists Explore Major Undersea Earthquake Fault
An international team of scientists just finished probing the depths of the Pacific Ocean offshore of Alaska and British Columbia, to better understand the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather Fault. During the past century, the 700-mile-long fault has generated at least half a dozen major earthquakes, and future shocks threaten coastal communities in both the United States and Canada.